Design and Implementation of Taxi Dispatching and Monitoring System Based on GPS

The most troublesome thing for the transportation bureaus in various places is that the taxis in their jurisdictions send out strikes and stop driving incidents. Not only does it affect citizens' travel, but the bigger reason is that the bad scope of influence greatly affects the stability and unity of society. It can be said that the suspension of taxis is the top priority for the Transportation Bureau to maintain stability. In recent years, due to various reasons, taxi strikes and suspensions have occurred from time to time. The way to solve taxi suspensions is basically the government administrative intervention method, and the GPS monitoring platform is basically in the auxiliary role in the event of an accident. Analyze according to the process of solving the problem of taxi stop. The government generally can only take the method of suppressing taxi companies, and some companies come forward to do the ideological work of drivers. The main reason for drivers to stop driving is nothing more than low income and excessive work intensity. The GPS system only plays a part of the monitoring role, and the government still needs to send a large number of staff to visit. However, can the GPS-based taxi dispatch and monitoring platform only play a part of the monitoring role? After analysis and thinking, practical and theoretical analysis. The GPS-based taxi dispatching and monitoring system is fully capable of pre-prevention, pre-remind, monitoring during the event, and summary after the event.
Prevent beforehand
The general structure of the domestic taxi industry from government to driver is basically the same. Basically, the government has administrative power to govern the operation of taxi companies within its jurisdiction; taxi companies have the right to operate taxis and transfer the daily operation of taxis to the driver by charging the driver a certain management fee every month; the driver is responsible for driving . Fuel costs, repair costs, and fines for violations of rules and regulations are basically borne by the driver. The management fee paid to a taxi company basically accounts for about 2/3 of the driver's monthly revenue. Through the communication with government staff and the understanding from the taxi driver in the process of handling the suspension of several incidents, it was found that there are roughly two reasons for the suspension of the taxi:

The driver's income is too low;
2. There are leaders incited And organization.By combining the cause of the stoppage event with the actual situation of the GPS-based taxi dispatch and monitoring system, the system can give the relevant departments a reminder in advance. Let us analyze the actual situation: taxis run in the streets and alleys of the city. It is precisely because of its mobility that brings its management complexity. The most important device inside the taxi is the meter, which records the detailed information of each business of the driver. Including amount, start and end time, mileage, etc. The GPS terminal installed on the taxi establishes a real-time connection between the taxi and the taximeter in the car and the system through wireless communication on the terminal. Managers can control and manage these taxis. Through the communication module system on the terminal, you can grasp the meter record of each vehicle and the daily income. Through these two index systems, each driver's monthly basic income can be analyzed. According to the monthly income, it can be judged which drivers are likely to be instigated, and the management department can take a variety of measures to eliminate hidden dangers and budding. For example, companies can interview low-income drivers in a way that they care about their employees, learn about the drivers’ difficulties in time and provide certain difficulties subsidies, or increase the actual income of the drivers by imparting good work experience. The idea of ​​precaution has been clear: through statistical analysis of the actual revenue of the driver to determine whether the driver has the possibility of stopping. Through face-to-face communication with low-income drivers in advance and other methods, try to solve the actual difficulties of drivers, care for low-income drivers, and show the company's care for drivers to achieve the effect of preventing problems before they occur. In this process, the system plays a role in accurately judging the interviewee beforehand, avoiding the company's aimless, and making the company's work more purposeful and effective. The main data basis for the realization method is the revenue data of the taximeter in the taxi, and the taxi meter record. Therefore, the meter must provide a data interface to the GPS vehicle terminal, and the data can be "spit" to the vehicle terminal after each service. After receiving the data, the vehicle-mounted terminal confirms and sends a confirmation feedback message to the meter. The vehicle-mounted terminal uploads the meter data to the system through the wireless communication module. After the system receives the data, it stores it in the database and sends a feedback message confirming the receipt to the vehicle-mounted terminal. In theory, the integrity of the data is guaranteed to be delivered by sending a confirmation feedback message. On the other hand, the system needs to set various data thresholds according to the actual situation in various places to determine the degree of deviation between the uploaded data and the actual situation to determine whether the data is "trustworthy". For example, setting the daily average number of "metering", the maximum operating amount of single difference, etc. The system generates comparison results according to various set data thresholds for managers to judge.
Taking into account the huge amount of data on the revenue data of taxis, 80 revenue data per vehicle per day to calculate the daily operating data records of 10,000 vehicles is 800,000. Consider adopting the partition table to realize the design process. That is, one partition table per month. Take the actual occurrence time of the uploaded operating data as the key of the partition table and partition table. Automatic statistics are done once a day to calculate the total daily revenue of each vehicle, as well as the number of metering, operating mileage and empty driving mileage per day. The number of meters is used to determine whether the driver’s revenue is in line with the actual situation, and the operating mileage and empty mileage are compared to determine whether the goal of fuel consumption can be saved by reducing the empty mileage.
Remind beforehand
How to remind the management as soon as possible when the driver stopped the gathering incident, and give the management enough time to understand the actual situation and make a solution plan? This is also a function that the management department attaches great importance to. The driver's purpose of the taxi stop incident is to expand the social impact and to get the attention of relevant departments and listen to their demands. Therefore, in the event of a taxi stop, vehicles will gather at several influential locations in the city. Therefore, the system can adopt two methods when designing and judging stop and gathering: 1) Pre-set the monitoring area to determine the real-time number of vehicles and vehicle status in the area; 2) Do not set the monitoring area in advance, and completely follow the city limits. The refined area is used to determine whether the vehicles are gathering. These two methods are generally based on method one, and method two as a supplement. The design and implementation of the pre-set monitoring area is: pre-set the area on the map, which can be polygon, circle and other different shapes. The system generates area objects in the background according to the set shape type and latitude and longitude points. The latitude and longitude uploaded in real time determine whether the vehicle is in the area. For example, in the polygon monitoring area, the system generates Polygon polygon objects based on the points of the polygon selected by the user on the map, and judges whether the vehicle is in the area based on the latitude and longitude information of each vehicle. Once vehicles are in an area for more than a certain range, the system judges that these vehicles are suspected of gathering. Once the number of vehicles in a monitoring area exceeds the threshold set by the management personnel, the system will start alarming and notify relevant personnel to pay attention through mobile phone text messages and monitoring map pop-ups. The system also provides detailed information about vehicles in the key monitoring area, such as Company, driver’s name, etc. If it is judged that a real gathering event is taking place, the relevant departments can coordinate with the traffic police to prevent the vehicles from continuing to gather in the area, and at the same time, according to the vehicle company provided by the system to issue supervision orders to the enterprise, etc., prompt the person in charge of the enterprise to recall each other on the spot Business drivers and vehicles. In short, the purpose is to seize the time to deal with the situation before it expands and try to avoid the expansion of the situation.
The idea of ​​randomly monitoring the number of vehicles in an area is to determine whether the number of vehicles within any one kilometer of the city exceeds a certain threshold. Since the area to be judged is an arbitrary combination, the system needs to make statistical judgments by combining small areas into large areas in the implementation process. For example, the area of 1 kilometer is divided into 9 small areas of 100 meters. If the threshold of vehicles in a 1 kilometer area is 30, if the number of vehicles in every 100 meters area exceeds 4, the total number of vehicles in the 100 meters area may add up to the threshold of 30 vehicles. Therefore, the monitoring range of the system is transformed into monitoring in a small area of ​​100 meters. The design and implementation of the random monitoring area is as follows: the system subdivides the entire city into areas every 100 meters according to the location of the city and the geographic latitude and longitude range. The subdivided area sets the threshold for the number of vehicles. The system judges based on the number of vehicles in a small area, and once the threshold is reached, it judges whether the total number of vehicles in the surrounding area reaches the alarm threshold for the number of monitored vehicles. With the improvement of taxi drivers' understanding of GPS terminals, the monitoring platform also needs to give early warning of abnormal GPS data upload. For example, the number of vehicle communication anomalies has risen sharply over a period of time, and the number of vehicles on the monitoring map has risen sharply for positioning, etc., are also data indicators that the management department needs to be vigilant about.
In-event monitoring
In the process of stopping and gathering events, the monitoring area can be designated through the system, and the number of vehicles in the area and basic information such as the company and the driver of the vehicle can be counted in real time. Recall drivers through enterprises.
Summary afterwards
Gathering suspension usually lasts for a few days or even more than a week. Afterwards, it is necessary to conduct statistical analysis on the drivers and units involved in the gathering. The system can calculate the accumulated length of stay in the parking area during the duration of the aggregate parking based on the historical trajectory information of the vehicle to determine the depth of the driver's participation in the parking. It can judge whether the vehicle has disrupted the communication of the on-board terminal by collecting the statistics of the vehicle on-line rate during the duration of the aggregate stop. Provide data support for the government and enterprises to find and gather the organizers of the suspension event.
As the focus of urban stability maintenance, taxi stop and gathering has attracted the attention of many cities. The monitoring function in the GPS-based taxi dispatching and monitoring platform mainly provides the precautionary and pre-warning functions of stop-driving gathering events. The main cause of conflict based on the occurrence of stop-driving gathering incidents can also reduce the driver's empty driving rate through the function of GPS dispatching, reduce the driver's empty driving fuel consumption, and reduce the driver's expenditure to provide assistance.
Reduce road congestion and fuel consumption
With the rapid development of the domestic economy, traffic jams in various cities have become increasingly serious. The contradictions caused by traffic congestion in domestic first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou have become increasingly prominent. Even more serious is that urban traffic congestion has spread from first-tier cities to second- and third-tier cities. Although many large cities have begun to explore some restrictive measures to reduce vehicle travel in order to achieve the purpose of alleviating urban road congestion, such as Beijing's odd and even number, Shanghai's license plate auction and so on. Some cities have even begun to plan to levy urban congestion charges. However, the phenomenon of urban traffic congestion has not yet been improved. On the contrary, with the development of the national economy and the improvement of the people's living standards, the people's demand for buying cars has become stronger, and the contradiction of urban road congestion has become more prominent. The way to assist in reducing road congestion is to consider gradually replacing the roadside taxi-hailing method through vehicle scheduling. According to statistics, taking Shanghai as an example, the empty mileage of taxis accounts for more than 40% of the total mileage. That is
It is said that nearly half of the oil in taxis is wasted a day, and nearly half of the cars are driving on the road. This not only wastes gas money, increases the labor intensity of drivers, but also takes up valuable urban road resources. Imagine that if the current domestic taxi-hailing system is changed from a public call to a telephone-hailing dispatching method, then the taxi will be resting when there are no passengers, that is, it saves gas and reduces labor intensity and releases the city's road resources. The change of a concept is a gradual process. Taxi roadside recruitment is a model that has been formed from the beginning of the taxi industry, and it has been a common business model from home to abroad. The gradual transition from recruiting to telephone dispatching requires not only changing the working habits of drivers, but more importantly, changing the thinking habits of passengers. At present, domestic and some cities have begun to establish urban-based taxi dispatch platforms, such as Wuxi, Nanchang, Wenzhou and so on. And by installing LED advertising screens on taxis to achieve a balance of payments and minimize government funding. Moreover, urban-level taxi dispatch platforms in cities like Wuxi and Nanchang can basically achieve self-sufficiency from personnel to system maintenance. From this point of view, the city-level taxi dispatch platform is completely achievable in terms of capital investment. Take Wuxi as an example. There are about 4,000 taxis in Wuxi. The dispatch platform was built two years ago. From the initial call of dozens of passengers a day to call for taxis, to the end of 2010, there were an average of more than 6,000 successful dispatches per day. More than 8000. It not only greatly facilitates the travel of Wuxi citizens, but more importantly, lets the phone call
The new car-hailing model of the car is beginning to take root. The increase in the number of phone calls and the number of successful dispatches can be sent
The current mode of calling a car is acceptable to the public, and drivers are willing to cooperate.
How to reasonably distribute the capacity of taxis through data analysis is also the only way to gradually realize the conversion of taxis from hiring to ESC. If taxis rely mainly on ESCs, which means reducing empty driving on the road, it will also bring about a contradiction, that is, the opportunities for the driver to see passengers become less, and the driver's income will be reduced. How to keep the taxi in the area where the car is used, that is, it can reach the passenger boarding position as soon as possible after receiving the order from the dispatch center to reduce the empty mileage and consider that the driver should drive the vehicle to that area to wait after sending the passengers New business. In short, in order to achieve this transition from the driver’s transfer to the ESC mode, the driver’s two problems must be solved first: 1) How to ensure a certain amount of taxi ESC business; 2) How to divide the vehicle's usual parking area reasonable. If these two problems are not resolved, it is impossible to achieve the goal of business model transformation. Based on the statistical data analysis of the three taxi companies in Shanghai, Volkswagen, Jinjiang, and Bus, it is found that, except for buses that can achieve a daily dispatch business of more than 2 transactions per vehicle, the average number of successful dispatch operations for Volkswagen and Jinjiang is only About 1 pen. The number of successful dispatches for Volkswagen in one day is about 12,000, Jinjiang is about 4,000, and buses can reach 8,000. Divided by the number of vehicles corresponding to their three companies, it can be found that the current number of ESC services cannot meet the daily business indicators of drivers. This is the root cause that drivers will still choose to recruit as their main mode of operation. Moreover, the ESC business of these three taxi companies has been in operation for more than five years. Based on the speed of this ESC business, it is basically foreseeable that if there is no administrative intervention, it will not be possible to automatically switch from raising recruitment to ESC. The business model came up. So what can a GPS-based taxi dispatch platform do to promote the conversion of this business model?
Through the data analysis advantages of the platform, we can provide drivers with reasonable car use areas and other ways that are helpful to the drivers, so as to achieve the platform's goal of deepening the hearts of the drivers. That is to say, the system not only plays the role of dispatching and monitoring from the perspective of the management, but also needs to play the role of analysis and guidance from the perspective of the driver, so as to provide practical help to increase the income of the driver and ensure the safety of the driver. Through the data analysis of the passenger's boarding point and the boarding time period, the driver indicates the areas where the passenger car volume is relatively high during those time periods, and the historical number of vehicles used in each area and time period forms a daily historical data comparison. In the actual operation process, if the number of taxi vehicles in this area exceeds a certain percentage during these periods, the system can alarm and send a message to all vehicles to remind the area that the vehicles have become saturated, and vehicles can consider going to other areas to prevent empty driving . And based on the historical data of the area and time period and the number of vehicles in the area of ​​the day, it is judged which areas are still in a state of shortage of vehicles, and the driver is guided by sending messages to nearby vehicles. Through the analysis and guidance from the driver's perspective, the confidence and prestige of the dispatching platform is gradually established among the drivers, so that the driver will turn from doubt to trust to rely on the dispatching platform. The on-board terminal has closely linked the vehicle and the system. As long as the management communicates more than the driver to understand the driver’s ideas, and proposes reasonable solutions and management methods from a management perspective, I believe that the driver is in the platform to achieve practical benefits. Simultaneously The investment of enterprises and governments can also be tangibly rewarded. It is bound to be that the current ESC business with less than 2 transactions per car per day is not high for companies that have invested heavily in building systems in the early stage. Reducing urban road congestion and fuel consumption through taxi dispatching is a long way to go. The difficulty lies in the conversion of habitual working methods and new working methods that are still incapable of management and practical application. Prove that it can replace the old way of working that is based on advocacy. However, the system can still play a certain role in reducing the driver's empty driving and reducing fuel consumption. Although the position of Yang Zhao cannot be replaced by ESC at present, from the analysis of ESC data in domestic cities such as Shanghai, Wuxi, Nanchang, and Wenzhou, The method of ESC is slowly beginning to be accepted by passengers and drivers. It's just that there is still a long way to go to further expand and replace Yang Zhao as the main means of attracting passengers.
GPS-based taxi dispatching and monitoring system  technology is not a new set of technologies. As an application in the taxi industry, it has slowly begun to enter the use stage on a large scale. The realization of a taxi dispatch and monitoring platform has gradually become a must on the road of enterprise and government management and information construction.
Today, the number of vehicles connected to the platform is increasing, and the function of calculating the degree of road congestion can be gradually achieved through the platform. The investment in calculating whether the city road traffic is congested is very expensive. Taking the speed measuring coil laid on the high-speed driving road as an example, not only the investment is huge, but the maintenance workload is also huge. Through the real-time running speed of the taxis connected to the platform and the road where the latitude and longitude are located, as long as the connected vehicles reach a certain proportion, it can be used to achieve the basis of real-time road conditions of urban roads. This technology that relies on the basic data of the taxi dispatching and monitoring platform to access vehicles to determine the real-time road conditions of urban roads is currently in the research and preliminary use stage. It is believed that the application of this technology will be more perfect and popular in the future. Of course, this kind of road condition analysis also has certain limitations. After all, the distribution of taxis on urban roads does not reach the various roads of the city. Therefore, the data of road congestion analysis cannot be complete, but it is an economical The basic data source method of road analysis, the data source and analysis of GPS-based taxi dispatch and monitoring system are still trustworthy and cannot be ignored.
In the future with the continuous development and improvement of mobile communication technology, GPS-based taxi dispatch and monitoring systems can achieve many things that are currently desired but cannot be achieved through high-speed and high-bandwidth wireless communication networks. For example, real-time monitoring of the actual situation in the car, real-time monitoring of the actual situation in the car, and other tasks that require network bandwidth. At present, the monitoring of the situation in the car basically uses a camera to take pictures, such as taking pictures when passengers get in the car, take pictures when passengers get off, and take pictures when the vehicle is alarmed. And transmitted to the server through the wireless communication network. Due to the limitation of bandwidth, the sharpness of photos taken will be limited. If a 4G network is adopted, the network bandwidth will be able to withstand the upload of video surveillance data, and the system can achieve real-time viewing of every move in the car. With the continuous development of smart phones, it is very common for mobile phones to support GPS positioning. The GPS-based taxi dispatch system can even be developed in the direction of online car booking. Passengers can directly use a mobile phone with GPS positioning function to book a vehicle, the system can directly obtain GPS positioning data on the passenger's mobile phone, and generate passenger car orders, which can more accurately obtain passengers' boarding latitude and longitude.